It is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease, which simply occurs when the immune system attacks abnormally the insulation and supporting structures of nerve cells (myelin sheath). This causes damage on these nerve cells located in the brain, spinal cord and optical nerve.

It is more commonin women than men (1.5: 1) and in the age range of 20-40.

It is the leading cause of disability at an early age. The signs and symptoms are multifocal and dispersed, with a course of relapsing and remitting and more rarely with progressive evolution. The duration of outbreaks ranges from 48 hours to days or even weeks, with recess intervals of an indefinite duration. The episodes of relapses may in some cases result in neurological residual signs, the accumulation of which results in the development of physical disability over time.

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Diagnosis is based on patient’s history, clinical exam, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spinal cord and exam of the cerebrospinal fluid.
The treatment is focused on the improvement of symptoms and possibly immune regulation so that the disease progresses as slowly as possible and achieves long-term functionality of the patient..