Alzheimer’s disease is the most common degenerative brain disorder, affecting 10% of people over the age of 65 and 20% of people over the age of 80.
It is estimated that 1 in 20 elderly people develop some form of dementia, about half of whom will eventually develop Alzheimer’s. The average age of onset is considered 70 years old and it has a slightly increased incidence on the female sex..
The reason has not been fully investigated. It seems that some hereditary agents are responsible for the inadequate formation of one of the most important neurotransmitters, acetylcholine. Also, we should not ignore the environmental factor (exposure to high concentrations of aluminum, mercury and other toxic agents).
The first symptom is the difficulty in recording new information. There is a gradual decline in memory recall capacity, mainly recent events, difficulty in judgment, and time and space disorientation. As the disease progresses, the disorders become more severe and problems with speech, actions, and even self-care are added. Patients repeatedly ask the same questions, have obsessive ideas, are often lost, and have mood swings and behaviors.
The diagnosis is made by a specialist Neurologist, who will perform a series of tests to diagnose Alzheimer’s, and in particular to distinguish it from other conditions or disorders. Depending on the stage and needs of the patient, appropriate medication is given to slow down mental decline and improve the sleep and behavior. The treatment of the disease has many levels, is personalized and needs modification in the course of the disease. Because the environment plays an important role in the outcome of the disease, the patient’s family should be well informed and supported by qualified staff.
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